4^th Annual Conference on Biomaterials June 04-05, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic

Tissue Engineering deals with the study of combining cells, scaffolds or biologically active molecules to form functional tissues or organs, which can be implanted back into the donor host with the use of many engineering materials methods along with some physicochemical factors. Biomaterial supports the engineered tissues physically and also guides cells by topographical and chemical signals. Regenerative medicine involves the process of replacing and regenerating human organs, tissues and cells to restore the normal biological function which can be obtained by using cells, stem cells and biomaterials. Scaffolds are the materials designed to cause cellular interactions that ultimately helps in the formation of new tissues. Biomaterials help in creating new materials for tissue engineering and stem cell delivery. Bone and cartilage tissue engineering is a rapidly advancing field. Bone engineering based on bone graft substitutes and biodegradable scaffolds. The novel approach of this engineering includes periodontal tissue regeneration with mesenchyme stem cells and platelet-rich plasma.

Biomaterials are those substances which are introduced into the body as a part of medical devices for medical purposes. These are having many medical applications such as cancer therapy, artificial ligaments and tendons, orthopaedic for joint replacements, bone plates, and ophthalmic applications in contact lenses, for wound healing in the form of surgical sutures, clips, nerve regeneration, in reproductive therapy as breast implants, etc. It is also having some non-medical applications such as to grow cells in culture, assay of blood proteins in laboratories, etc.

The biomaterial market consists of all types of biomaterials such as ceramics, composites, biodegradable, orthopaedic, etc. The market is expected to reach $130.57 billion by 2020, at a growth of CGAR of 16% from 2015-2020 forecasts. Biomaterials have applications in the field of oncology i.e., the study of prevention, treatment of cancer. Some biomaterials companies which are included in the global biomaterials market are like Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc. (U.S.), Bayer AG (Germany), Carpenter Technology Corporation (U.S.), Covalon Technologies Ltd. (Canada), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), BASF SE (Germany), Invibio Ltd. (U.K.), Berkeley Advanced Biomaterials, Inc. (U.S.), CAM Bioceramics BV (Netherlands), and Collagen Matrix, Inc. (U.S.). The global orthopaedic biomaterials market is poised to reach $38,100.2 million by 2020 from $22,074.0 million in 2015 at a CAGR of 11.5% from 2015 to 2020.

Polymers are the macro molecules that are obtained from various subunits. Polymers that are used for biomaterials are of the following types, i.e., Natural Polymers: Chitosan, Collagen, Alginate, These are mainly used for drug delivery, wound dressing and tissue engineering of organs. Synthetic Polymers: Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate. Used in implants, medical disposable supplies, dressings, etc. Biodegradable Biomaterials: Polyactide, Polyglycolide, etc. It regenerates tissue and does not leave residual traces on implantation and hence is of great advantage it is used for tissue screws, cartilage repair and drug delivery systems. Biopolymers are those polymers which are developed from the living organisms. Examples are DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. It is also used for packaging material. Polymer composites can be used for preparing medical implants.

Bionanomaterials are molecular materials made partially or completely by biological molecules which results in molecular structures having a Nano-scale-dimension. Magnetic nanomaterials are the magnetic particles of nm size which are having unique magnetic properties. They are available in various forms such as dry powders, as surface functionalized powders or as stable dispersions in a variety of solvents, both aqueous and organic. Such Bionanomaterials may have potential applications as novel fibres, sensors, adhesives etc. Nano biomaterials account for 28.3% of the market share. Nano biomaterials are used for cancer treatment, regeneration, and polymeric ones act as gene delivery systems. Nanofiber scaffolds are those fibres which are having diameters less than 100 nm. Nano scaffolding is a process to regrow tissue and bone, also used in stem cell expansion.

Biomaterials are mainly used in tissue growth and delivery of drugs, biomaterial properties are also a great impact on cell growth and proliferation of tissues. Physical properties are of size, shape, surface, compartmentalization, etc. Mechanical properties include elastic modulus, hardness, fatigue, fracture toughness, etc. Biosensors are the analytical devices which can convert biological responses into electrical signals. Nanotopography means the surface characters that are formed at the nanoscopic scale. It is having applications in the field of medicine and cell engineering. It can be produced by using various techniques such as etching, plasma functionalization, etc. Surface properties include surface tension, surface characterization, charge-charge interaction, etc. Biohybrid materials or Bioconjugates are those substances which are produced by linking of biogenic and non- biogenic compounds through a chemical bond. Bio-inspired materials are the synthetic ones which look similar to that of the natural materials or living matter in case of structure, function, and properties.

3D bioprinting means the formation of a 3-dimensional structure of biomaterials. According to the number of dimensions in nano-scale, the Biomaterials are of three types- 3D (nano-particle), 2D (i.e. nano-fiber), and 1D (nano-sheet). 3D bioprinting is the creation of various cell patterns by using printing techniques along with the layer-by-layer method to form tissue mimetic structures without any loss in cell function that can be further used in tissue engineering. Electrospinning technology means deposition of polymer nano-fibres on an object by using high voltage to a liquid polymer solution. Bioprinting helps in the research of drugs and pills by printing tissues and organs.  It is also used for microdevices and microarrays. The 3D printing materials market is expected to reach USD 1,409.5 Million by 2021 from USD 580.1 Million in 2017, at a CAGR of 22.60%.

Biophotonics is referred to as the study of optical processes in biological systems, which occurs naturally in bioengineered materials. One of the most important aspects of this field is the imaging and sensing of cells and tissues. This includes injecting fluorescent markers into a biological system to track cell dynamics and drug delivery. Biophotonics can be used to study biological materials or materials with properties similar to biological material, i.e., scattering material, on a microscopic or macroscopic scale. On the microscopic scale, common applications include microscopy and optical coherence tomography. On the macroscopic scale, the light is diffuse and applications commonly deal with diffuse optical imaging and tomography (DOI and DOT). Biomedical optics focus to solve pressing problems on medicine and biology by designing and applying advanced optical techniques. Biometric optics is a widely collaborated topic in universities that occurs between many departments, centres and researchers.